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pH Formula:
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pH calculation for diluted solutions determines the acidity or alkalinity of a solution after dilution. It accounts for the change in hydrogen ion concentration when a solution is mixed with additional solvent.
The calculator uses the pH formula for diluted solutions:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates the new hydrogen ion concentration after dilution and then converts it to pH using the logarithmic scale.
Details: Accurate pH calculation is crucial for chemical experiments, pharmaceutical preparations, environmental testing, and industrial processes where precise acidity levels are required.
Tips: Enter hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L, initial volume in liters, and final volume in liters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.
Q1: Why does dilution affect pH?
A: Dilution decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions, which typically increases the pH (makes the solution less acidic) unless dealing with extremely concentrated acids.
Q2: What is the pH range for typical solutions?
A: pH ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline), with 7 being neutral. Most solutions fall between pH 1-13.
Q3: Can this calculator handle basic solutions?
A: This calculator is designed for acidic solutions. For basic solutions, pOH calculation would be more appropriate, followed by pH = 14 - pOH.
Q4: What are common sources of error in pH calculation?
A: Temperature variations, ionic strength effects, and measurement inaccuracies in concentration or volume can affect the accuracy of pH calculations.
Q5: When should measured pH be used instead of calculated?
A: For precise applications or when dealing with complex buffer systems, direct pH measurement with a calibrated pH meter is recommended.