1. What is Negative Gravitational Potential Energy?

Negative gravitational potential energy represents the energy stored in a gravitational field when objects are separated. The negative sign indicates that work must be done against the gravitational field to separate the objects.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the gravitational potential energy equation:

Where:

• \( G \) — Gravitational constant (6.674×10⁻¹¹ m³/kg/s²)
• \( M \) — Mass of first object (kg)
• \( m \) — Mass of second object (kg)
• \( r \) — Distance between centers of mass (m)

Explanation: The equation calculates the potential energy in a gravitational field, with the negative sign indicating the attractive nature of gravity.

3. Importance of Negative Energy Calculation

Details: Calculating gravitational potential energy is essential for understanding orbital mechanics, celestial dynamics, and gravitational interactions in physics and astronomy.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the gravitational constant (typically 6.674×10⁻¹¹), both masses in kilograms, and the distance in meters. All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is gravitational potential energy negative?
A: The negative sign indicates that the gravitational force is attractive. Zero potential energy is defined at infinite separation.

Q2: What are typical values for gravitational potential energy?
A: Values range from very small (for small masses close together) to extremely large negative values (for planetary systems).

Q3: How does distance affect gravitational potential energy?
A: Potential energy increases (becomes less negative) as distance increases, approaching zero at infinite separation.

Q4: Can gravitational potential energy be positive?
A: In the standard convention, gravitational potential energy is always negative for attractive forces like gravity.

Q5: What units should I use for accurate calculations?
A: Use SI units: kilograms for mass, meters for distance, and the result will be in joules (J).