1. What is the Lorentz Force Formula?

The Lorentz force formula calculates the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field. It's fundamental in electromagnetism and describes how magnetic fields affect moving charges.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Lorentz force formula:

Where:

• \( F \) — Force (Newtons)
• \( B \) — Magnetic field strength (Tesla)
• \( q \) — Electric charge (Coulombs)
• \( v \) — Velocity (meters/second)
• \( \theta \) — Angle between velocity and magnetic field vectors (degrees)

Explanation: The force is maximum when the charge moves perpendicular to the magnetic field (θ = 90°) and zero when moving parallel (θ = 0° or 180°).

3. Importance of Force Calculation

Details: Accurate force calculation is crucial for designing electromagnetic devices, particle accelerators, and understanding charged particle motion in magnetic fields.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter magnetic field in Tesla, charge in Coulombs, velocity in m/s, and angle in degrees. All values must be valid positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the direction of the force?
A: The force is perpendicular to both the velocity vector and magnetic field vector, following the right-hand rule.

Q2: Does the formula work for negative charges?
A: Yes, negative charges will experience force in the opposite direction to positive charges with the same velocity.

Q3: What happens when θ = 0° or 180°?
A: The force becomes zero since sin(0°) = sin(180°) = 0.

Q4: What are typical values for these parameters?
A: Magnetic fields range from microteslas (Earth's field) to several teslas (MRI machines). Charges are typically electron charge multiples (1.6×10⁻¹⁹ C).

Q5: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: This formula applies to point charges in vacuum. For extended objects or in materials, additional factors need consideration.